The application of determined acids formulas on the skin causing exfoliation followed by regeneration is known as chemical peels. By this technique, the new skin appears hydrated, clearer, smoother and healthier.
Many formulas are available for chemical peels, each one with its own indications. Examples of these formulas include alpha-hydroxy-acids, trichloroacetic acid, Jessner's solution (salicylic + lactic acids) and retinoic acid.
Peels can be classified into superficial, medium or deep considering the level of penetration of the acid in the skin. Increasing the depth, higher the risks of adverse effects and complications. Patients with darker skins need an adequate skin preparation before the sequence of peels to prevent post-inflammatory hyper or hypopigmentation. This preparation is prescribed by the dermatologist.
The indications for chemical peels are:
-Acne: comedones, inflammatory pimples and superficial scars.
-Pigmented lesions: solar lentigos, senile spots, freckles, melasma (chloasma, pregnancy mask).
-Fine wrinkles, especially around the eyes (crows feet).
The number of sessions needed may vary: 2-4 sessions for acne (more if there are scars); 1-3 sessions for superficial dark spots (more if pigmentation is deeper).
For this procedure, the dermatologist applies the substance on the skin and waits 5-10 minutes before neutralizing - a sensation of burning may be felt during the process. Deeper peels are more painful and require anesthetic creams. During some days after the treatment, the skin gets red and scaly. Total regeneration of facial skin may take 7 to 10 days.
After each session, some cautions shoud be taken: avoid contact with the sensitive skin, frequent use of emollients at the treated areas, avoid sun exposure, apply adequate sunscreens at each 3/3 hours.
Complications are rare if the procedure is well done by an experienced physician. They include post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (dark spots more frequent in dark skin types), scarring, herpes simplex infections and allergies.
Important: chemical peels won't work for reducing pores sizes, apparent vessels, deep scars, deep wrinckles and laxity.
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